『博客开发日记』之验证码发送接口的实现

本文最后更新于 2026年1月20日 晚上

验证码发送接口的实现

验证码发送接口的需求

目前一共有五个接口，分别为：

发送邮箱登录验证码

发送手机登录验证码

发送邮箱注册验证码

发送手机注册验证码

发送邮箱忘记密码的验证码

1.验证码发送通过手机或者邮箱的方式发送

手机号收取信息通过阿里云的号码认证服务实现

邮箱验证码通过Spring Boot Mail 邮件服务 + QQ邮箱发送验证码的方式实现

2.要检测用户是通过那种方式登录/注册/忘记密码（目前只支持邮箱验证）的 scene 场景（login/register/forgot）

3.根据不同方式发送不同类型的验证码 type 类型（email/phone）

4.需要检测账号是否存在

通过needAccountExists 是否需要验证账号已存在（登录和忘记密码需要，注册不需要）来实现

5.检查IP发送频率限制

限制同一ip多次发送验证码请求

6.验证码五分钟后过期

7.生成6位随机验证码

代码实现

下面主要认证服务类AuthServiceImpl的代码实现

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//认证服务类
@Service
public class AuthServiceImpl implements AuthService
{
    @Autowired
    private EmailServiceImpl emailService;

    @Autowired
    private AliyunSmsServiceImpl aliyunSmsService;

    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;

    @Autowired
    private RedisCache redisCache;

    //发送邮箱登录验证码
    @Override
    public ResponseResult sendEmailLoginCode(SendCodeDto dto) {
        return sendVerificationCode(dto.getEmail(), "email", "login", true);
    }

    //发送手机登录验证码
    @Override
    public ResponseResult sendPhoneLoginCode(SendCodeDto dto) {
        return sendVerificationCode(dto.getPhone(), "phone", "login", true);
    }

    //发送邮箱注册验证码
    @Override
    public ResponseResult sendEmailRegisterCode(SendCodeDto dto) {
        return sendVerificationCode(dto.getEmail(), "email", "register", false);
    }

    //发送手机号注册验证码
    @Override
    public ResponseResult sendPhoneRegisterCode(SendCodeDto dto) {
        return sendVerificationCode(dto.getPhone(), "phone", "register", false);
    }

    //发送邮箱忘记密码的验证码
    @Override
    public ResponseResult sendEmailForgotPasswordCode(SendCodeDto dto) {
        return sendVerificationCode(dto.getEmail(), "email", "forgot", true);
    }

    //通用验证码发送方法
    //account 账号（邮箱或手机号）
    //type 类型（email/phone）
    //scene 场景（login/register/forgot）
    //needAccountExists 是否需要验证账号已存在（登录和忘记密码需要，注册不需要）
    private ResponseResult sendVerificationCode(String account, String type, String scene, boolean needAccountExists)
    {
        //验证账号不能为空
        ResponseResult validateResult = validateAccount(account, type);
        if (validateResult != null) {
            return validateResult;
        }

        //检查账号存在性
        ResponseResult accountCheckResult = checkAccountForScene(account, type, scene, needAccountExists);
        if (accountCheckResult != null) {
            return accountCheckResult;
        }

        //获取客户端IP并检查限流
        String clientIp = getClientIp();
        ResponseResult ipCheckResult = checkIpLimit(clientIp, type);
        if (ipCheckResult != null) {
            return ipCheckResult;
        }

        //检查账号发送频率限制
        String sendTimeKey = String.format("%s:send:time:%s:%s", scene, type, account);
        String lastSendTime = redisCache.getCacheObject(sendTimeKey);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(lastSendTime)) {
            return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SMS_SEND_FREQUENTLY, "验证码发送过于频繁，请1分钟后再试");
        }

        //生成验证码并存入Redis
        String code = generateCode();
        String redisKey = String.format("%s:code:%s:%s", scene, type, account);
        redisCache.setCacheObject(redisKey, code, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

        //记录发送时间
        redisCache.setCacheObject(sendTimeKey, String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()), 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

        //记录IP发送次数
        recordIpSendCount(clientIp, type);

        // 发送验证码
        try {
            if ("email".equals(type)) {
                //三种情况
                switch (scene) {
                    case "login":
                        emailService.sendVerificationCodeByLogin(account, code);
                        break;
                    case "register":
                        emailService.sendVerificationCodeByRegister(account, code);
                        break;
                    case "forgot":
                        emailService.sendVerificationCodeByForgotPassword(account, code);
                        break;
                    default:
                        emailService.sendVerificationCodeByLogin(account, code);
                }
            } else {
                aliyunSmsService.sendVerificationCode(account, code);
            }
            System.out.println(String.format("发送%s验证码到%s: %s, 验证码: %s, IP: %s", 
                scene, type.equals("email") ? "邮箱" : "手机", account, code, clientIp));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(String.format("%s发送失败: %s", type.equals("email") ? "邮件" : "短信", e.getMessage()));
            // 发送失败时删除Redis记录
            redisCache.deleteObject(redisKey);
            redisCache.deleteObject(sendTimeKey);
            return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR, "验证码发送失败，请稍后重试");
        }

        return ResponseResult.okResult("验证码已发送，5分钟内有效");
    }

    //验证账号格式
    private ResponseResult validateAccount(String account, String type)
    {
        if (!StringUtils.hasText(account)) {
            if ("email".equals(type)) {
                return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.EMAIL_NOT_NULL);
            } else {
                return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR, "手机号不能为空");
            }
        }

        // 验证手机号格式
        if ("phone".equals(type) && !account.matches("^1[3-9]\\d{9}$")) {
            return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.PHONE_FORMAT_ERROR);
        }

        return null;
    }

    //根据场景检查账号
    private ResponseResult checkAccountForScene(String account, String type, String scene, boolean needAccountExists)
    {
        LambdaQueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();
        if ("email".equals(type)) {
            queryWrapper.eq(User::getEmail, account);
        } else {
            queryWrapper.eq(User::getPhone, account);
        }
        
        User user = userMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper);
        String accountTypeName = type.equals("email") ? "邮箱" : "手机号";
        
        if (needAccountExists) {
            // 登录和忘记密码场景：需要账号已存在
            if (user == null) {
                return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR, 
                    String.format("该%s未注册", accountTypeName));
            }
        } else {
            // 注册场景：需要账号不存在
            if (user != null) {
                return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR, 
                    String.format("该%s已被注册", accountTypeName));
            }
        }
        
        return null;
    }

    //生成6位随机验证码
    private String generateCode()
    {
        Random random = new Random();
        int code = random.nextInt(900000) + 100000;
        return String.valueOf(code);
    }

    //获取客户端IP地址
    private String getClientIp()
    {
        try {
            ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
            if (attributes != null) {
                HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
                return IpUtils.getIpAddr(request);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("获取客户端IP失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        return "unknown";
    }

    //检查IP发送频率限制
    private ResponseResult checkIpLimit(String ip, String type)
    {
        // 检查1分钟内的发送次数（最多5次）
        String minuteKey = "login:ip:limit:minute:" + type + ":" + ip;
        Integer minuteCount = redisCache.getCacheObject(minuteKey);
        if (minuteCount != null && minuteCount >= 5) {
            return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.IP_REQUEST_LIMIT, "您的操作过于频繁，请1分钟后再试");
        }

        // 检查1小时内的发送次数（最多20次）
        String hourKey = "login:ip:limit:hour:" + type + ":" + ip;
        Integer hourCount = redisCache.getCacheObject(hourKey);
        if (hourCount != null && hourCount >= 20) {
            return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.IP_REQUEST_LIMIT, "您今日发送次数过多，请1小时后再试");
        }

        // 检查1天内的发送次数（最多50次，防止恶意攻击）
        String dayKey = "login:ip:limit:day:" + type + ":" + ip;
        Integer dayCount = redisCache.getCacheObject(dayKey);
        if (dayCount != null && dayCount >= 50) {
            System.err.println("检测到异常发送行为 - IP: " + ip + ", 类型: " + type + ", 24小时内发送次数: " + dayCount);
            return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.IP_REQUEST_LIMIT, "系统检测到异常行为，请24小时后再试或联系管理员");
        }

        return null;
    }

    //记录IP发送次数
    private void recordIpSendCount(String ip, String type)
    {
        // 记录1分钟内的发送次数
        String minuteKey = "login:ip:limit:minute:" + type + ":" + ip;
        Integer minuteCount = redisCache.getCacheObject(minuteKey);
        redisCache.setCacheObject(minuteKey, minuteCount == null ? 1 : minuteCount + 1, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

        // 记录1小时内的发送次数
        String hourKey = "login:ip:limit:hour:" + type + ":" + ip;
        Integer hourCount = redisCache.getCacheObject(hourKey);
        redisCache.setCacheObject(hourKey, hourCount == null ? 1 : hourCount + 1, 1, TimeUnit.HOURS);

        // 记录1天内的发送次数
        String dayKey = "login:ip:limit:day:" + type + ":" + ip;
        Integer dayCount = redisCache.getCacheObject(dayKey);
        redisCache.setCacheObject(dayKey, dayCount == null ? 1 : dayCount + 1, 1, TimeUnit.DAYS);

        // 如果24小时内发送次数超过30次，记录异常日志
        if (dayCount != null && dayCount >= 30) {
            System.err.println("警告：检测到可能的异常发送行为 - IP: " + ip + ", 类型: " + type + ", 24小时内发送次数: " + (dayCount + 1));
        }
    }
}

关于号码认证的实现类AliyunSmsServiceImpl，阿里云号码认证服务 - 短信验证码

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@Service
public class AliyunSmsServiceImpl
{
    @Value("${aliyun.sms.access-key-id}")
    private String accessKeyId;

    @Value("${aliyun.sms.access-key-secret}")
    private String accessKeySecret;

    @Value("${aliyun.sms.sign-name}")
    private String signName;

    @Value("${aliyun.sms.template-code}")
    private String templateCode;

    //阿里云客户端
    private Client createClient() throws Exception
    {
        Config config = new Config()
                .setAccessKeyId(accessKeyId)
                .setAccessKeySecret(accessKeySecret)
                .setEndpoint("dypnsapi.aliyuncs.com");
        return new Client(config);
    }

    //发送验证码短信
    public void sendVerificationCode(String phone, String code)
    {
        try {
            Client client = createClient();
            
            // 构建模板参数 JSON 字符串
            String templateParam = String.format("{\"code\":\"%s\",\"min\":\"5\"}", code);
            
            // 创建请求对象
            SendSmsVerifyCodeRequest request = new SendSmsVerifyCodeRequest()
                    .setPhoneNumber(phone)
                    .setSignName(signName)
                    .setTemplateCode(templateCode)
                    .setTemplateParam(templateParam);
            
            // 创建运行时选项
            RuntimeOptions runtime = new RuntimeOptions();
            
            // 发送短信
            SendSmsVerifyCodeResponse response = client.sendSmsVerifyCodeWithOptions(request, runtime);
            
            // 检查发送结果
            if (response != null && response.getBody() != null) {
                String resultCode = response.getBody().getCode();
                if ("OK".equals(resultCode)) {
                    System.out.println("短信发送成功，RequestId: " + response.getBody().getRequestId());
                } else {
                    String errorMsg = response.getBody().getMessage();
                    throw new RuntimeException("短信发送失败: " + errorMsg);
                }
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("短信发送失败: 响应为空");
            }
            
        } catch (TeaException error) {
            // Tea异常处理
            System.err.println("短信发送失败: " + error.getMessage());
            if (error.getData() != null && error.getData().containsKey("Recommend")) {
                System.err.println("诊断地址: " + error.getData().get("Recommend"));
            }
            throw new RuntimeException("短信发送失败: " + error.getMessage(), error);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 其他异常处理
            throw new RuntimeException("短信发送失败: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

还需要在配置文件里配置号密钥

关于邮箱认证的实现类EmailServiceImpl，Spring Boot Mail 邮件服务 + QQ邮箱

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//邮件服务类
@Service
public class EmailServiceImpl
{
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    //发送登录验证码邮件
    public void sendVerificationCodeByLogin(String to, String code)
    {
        sendVerificationEmail(to, code, "登录", "您正在进行登录操作，请使用以下验证码完成登录。");
    }
    
    //发送注册验证码邮件
    public void sendVerificationCodeByRegister(String to, String code)
    {
        sendVerificationEmail(to, code, "注册", "欢迎注册云梦泽的个人博客！请使用以下验证码完成注册。");
    }
    
    //发送忘记密码验证码邮件
    public void sendVerificationCodeByForgotPassword(String to, String code)
    {
        sendVerificationEmail(to, code, "重置密码", "您正在进行密码重置操作，请使用以下验证码完成密码重置。");
    }
    
//    通用发送验证码邮件方法
//    to 收件人邮箱
//    code 验证码
//    scene 场景（登录/注册/重置密码）
//    description 描述文字
    private void sendVerificationEmail(String to, String code, String scene, String description)
    {
        try {
            MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
            MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
            
            helper.setFrom(from);
            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject("【云梦泽的个人博客】" + scene + "验证码");
            
            // HTML 邮件内容
            String htmlContent = buildEmailHtml(code, scene, description);
            helper.setText(htmlContent, true);
            
            mailSender.send(message);
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("邮件发送失败", e);
        }
    }

    //构建邮件HTML内容
    //code 验证码
    //scene 场景（登录/注册/重置密码）
    //description 描述文字
    private String buildEmailHtml(String code, String scene, String description)
    {
        // 根据场景选择不同的颜色主题
        String themeColor = getThemeColor(scene);
        String greeting = getGreeting(scene);
        
        return "<!DOCTYPE html>" +
                "<html>" +
                "<head>" +
                "    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">" +
                "    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">" +
                "</head>" +
                "<body style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #a5dff9 0%, #008c9e 100%); font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif;\">" +
                "    <table width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"padding: 40px 20px;\">" +
                "        <tr>" +
                "            <td align=\"center\">" +
                "                <table width=\"600\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"background-color: #f5fffa; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 12px 15px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.24), 0 17px 50px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.19); overflow: hidden;\">" +
                "                    <!-- 头部 -->" +
                "                    <tr>" +
                "                        <td style=\"background: rgb(125, 182, 191); padding: 40px 30px; text-align: center;\">" +
                "                            <h1 style=\"color: #2c3e50; margin: 0; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 1px;\">云梦泽的个人博客</h1>" +
                "                            <p style=\"color: #546e7a; margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 14px;\">Cloud Dream Marsh Blog</p>" +
                "                        </td>" +
                "                    </tr>" +
                "                    <!-- 内容 -->" +
                "                    <tr>" +
                "                        <td style=\"padding: 50px 40px;\">" +
                "                            <h2 style=\"color: #3c4858; margin: 0 0 20px 0; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600;\">" + greeting + "</h2>" +
                "                            <p style=\"color: #718096; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0 0 30px 0; font-size: 15px;\">" +
                "                                " + description +
                "                            </p>" +
                "                            <!-- 验证码区域 -->" +
                "                            <div style=\"background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e8f4f8 100%); border-left: 4px solid " + themeColor + "; border-radius: 8px; padding: 30px; margin: 30px 0; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(48,169,222,0.1);\">" +
                "                                <p style=\"color: #718096; margin: 0 0 15px 0; font-size: 13px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;\">您的" + scene + "验证码</p>" +
                "                                <p style=\"color: " + themeColor + "; font-size: 36px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 10px; margin: 0; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;\">" + code + "</p>" +
                "                            </div>" +
                "                            <!-- 提示信息 -->" +
                "                            <div style=\"background-color: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #ffc107; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; margin: 25px 0;\">" +
                "                                <p style=\"color: #3c4858; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0; font-size: 14px;\">" +
                "                                    验证码有效期为 <strong>5分钟</strong>，请尽快完成验证<br>" +
                "                                    请勿将验证码泄露给他人<br>" +
                "                                    如非本人操作，请忽略此邮件" +
                "                                </p>" +
                "                            </div>" +
                "                        </td>" +
                "                    </tr>" +
                "                    <!-- 底部 -->" +
                "                    <tr>" +
                "                        <td style=\"background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #eaecef 100%); padding: 30px; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #eaecef;\">" +
                "                            <p style=\"color: #718096; margin: 0 0 10px 0; font-size: 13px;\">" +
                "                                此邮件由系统自动发送，请勿直接回复" +
                "                            </p>" +
                "                            <p style=\"color: #a7a9ad; margin: 0; font-size: 12px;\">" +
                "                                © 2026 云梦泽的个人博客 · All rights reserved" +
                "                            </p>" +
                "                        </td>" +
                "                    </tr>" +
                "                </table>" +
                "                <!-- 额外提示 -->" +
                "                <table width=\"600\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"margin-top: 20px;\">" +
                "                    <tr>" +
                "                        <td style=\"text-align: center; padding: 10px;\">" +
                "                            <p style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); margin: 0; font-size: 12px; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\">" +
                "                                如有疑问，请访问我们的网站或联系客服" +
                "                            </p>" +
                "                        </td>" +
                "                    </tr>" +
                "                </table>" +
                "            </td>" +
                "        </tr>" +
                "    </table>" +
                "</body>" +
                "</html>";
    }
    
    //根据场景获取主题颜色
    private String getThemeColor(String scene)
    {
        switch (scene) {
            case "登录":
                return "#30a9de";  // 蓝色
            case "注册":
                return "#52c41a";  // 绿色
            case "重置密码":
                return "#ff6b6b";  // 红色
            default:
                return "#30a9de";
        }
    }
    
    //根据场景获取问候语
    private String getGreeting(String scene)
    {
        switch (scene) {
            case "注册":
                return "欢迎加入！";
            case "重置密码":
                return "密码重置";
            default:
                return "您好！";
        }
    }

}

获取用户ip的工具类

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//IP工具类
public class IpUtils
{
    
    //获取客户端真实IP地址
    public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        if (request == null) {
            return "unknown";
        }
        
        String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
        }
        
        // 对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP，多个IP按照','分割
        if (ip != null && ip.length() > 15) {
            if (ip.indexOf(",") > 0) {
                ip = ip.substring(0, ip.indexOf(","));
            }
        }
        
        return ip;
    }
}

创建dto包后创建几个dto类

新加几个有关验证码的枚举

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SMS_SEND_FREQUENTLY(1019, "验证码发送过于频繁，请稍后再试"),
IP_REQUEST_LIMIT(1020, "请求过于频繁，请稍后再试"),
VERIFICATION_CODE_ERROR(1021, "验证码错误或已过期"),

PS:该系列只做为作者学习开发项目做的笔记用

不一定符合读者来学习，仅供参考

预告

后续会记录博客的开发过程

每次学习会做一份笔记来进行发表

“一花一世界，一叶一菩提”

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欢迎访问我的个人网站：https://hgt12.github.io/

博客开发
#技术向 #个人博客 #前端 #后端
『博客开发日记』之验证码发送接口的实现
http://example.com/2026/01/19/『博客开发日记』之验证码发送接口的实现/
作者
云梦泽
发布于
2026年1月19日
更新于
2026年1月20日
许可协议